NCD Watch

Hypertension: A Burning Health Problem

31 Aug 2018 (Fri)

Hypertension: A Burning Health Problem Hypertension is persistent elevation of blood pressure above the normal range. For adults, hypertension is generally defined as consistently having systolic blood pressure equal to or above 140 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and/or diastolic blood pressure equal to or above 90 mmHg. If left uncontrolled, the elevated blood pressure can lead to heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, blindness and cognitive impairment etc. The higher the blood pressure, the higher the risk of damage to the heart and blood vessels in major organs. As hypertension rarely shows overt symptoms in the early stages, it is a recognised “silent killer”. Extremely high blood pressure may cause headache, dizziness, visual disturbance, fatigue and facial flushing.

In Hong Kong, many people have hypertension but are unaware of their condition. The Population Health Survey 2014/15 of the Department of Health found that 27.7% of non-institutionalised persons aged 15-84 had hypertension, including 13.2% of persons who were previously undiagnosed but measured to have hypertension during health examination.

Significant room exists for improvement in reducing the prevalence of hypertension for Hong Kong. In May 2018, the Government launched “Towards 2025: Strategy and Action Plan to Prevent and Control Non-communicable Diseases in Hong Kong” (SAP) announcing a list of committed actions and clear targets. For hypertension, the target is to contain the prevalence of raised blood pressure by 2025. The Government will step up efforts in promoting healthy diet and physical activity participation, adopt stronger salt reduction strategy, as well as strengthen the health system at all levels for better management of hypertension.

As individuals, we could have our blood pressure checked regularly to allow early detection of hypertension. Healthy adults aged 18 or above in general should have their blood pressure checked at least once every two years. However, more frequent intervals may be required according to the blood pressure level, individual’s age, overall cardiovascular risk profile, and doctor’s advice.

Other than having regular blood pressure checks, adoption of healthy lifestyle is effective for the prevention and control of hypertension. Key actions include:

  • Restrict salt intake and eat a balanced diet;
  • Be physically active and avoid prolonged sitting;
  • Maintain an optimal body weight and waist circumference;
  • Do not smoke;
  • Refrain from alcohol drinking;
  • Manage stress; and
  • Take medication to control blood pressure or/and other chronic diseases as prescribed and directed by doctors.