NCD Watch

Is your blood pressure normal? High blood pressure kills but it's preventable and treatable

27 May 2013 (Mon)

Hypertension occurs when the pressure exerted on the walls of arteries is persistently elevated and it is a very common condition among adults in Hong Kong. Hypertension is a silent killer because patients may not have symptoms at the early stage of the diseases, yet if hypertension is not treated or well controlled, it can lead to severe and lethal consequences. A study by the School of Public Health of the University of Hong Kong in 2012 revealed that about 1 in 3 adults in Hong Kong has hypertension, and half of them did not know they have hypertension.

Blood pressure is measured by blood pressure monitors, and is usually measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). A blood pressure reading consists of two numbers: The first number (systolic blood pressure/SBP) represents the pressure in the blood vessels when the heart contracts to pump blood, whereas the second number (diastolic blood pressure/DBP) represents the pressure when the heart relaxes between beats.

Adults should keep their SBP and DBP below 120 mmHg and 80 mmHg respectively. Getting regular, accurate blood pressure readings is essential for early detection of hypertension. In general, adults aged 18 years or above should have their blood pressure checked at least once every two years. More frequent monitoring may be required according to the blood pressure level, age, over cardiovascular risk profile, and doctor's advice.

Adopting a healthy lifestyle is essential for preventing and controlling hypertension, including:

  • Cut back on salt (sodium)
  • Eat a balanced diet
  • Be active and avoid prolonged sitting
  • Maintain an optimal body weight and waistline
  • Do not smoke
  • Limit alcohol
  • Manage stress
  • Ensure enough sleep and rest

If you have hypertension, you should take your medication as directed by your doctor and understand what the medication is for, how and when to take it. Patients should attend regular medical follow up to attain good control of your hypertension.